Who formulated the basic ideas of Communism?

The basic ideas of Communism were formulated by Karl Marx, who, alongside Friedrich Engels, co-authored "The Communist Manifesto." In this foundational text, Marx laid out the principles of class struggle, the relationship between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, and the theory of historical materialism, which posits that economic systems drive historical progression. Marx's ideas served as the theoretical framework for later interpretations and implementations of Communism, influencing leaders and movements around the world. While Engels, Lenin, and Stalin each contributed to the development and application of Communist theory, it was Marx who originally articulated its key concepts. Thus, recognizing Marx as the principal figure behind the foundational ideas of Communism highlights his critical role in shaping this political ideology.