Which document outlines the express and implied powers of Congress?

The Constitution is the foundational document of the United States that explicitly details the powers allocated to Congress, including both express and implied powers. Express powers are those specifically stated in the Constitution, primarily found in Article I, Section 8, which enumerates specific actions Congress is empowered to take, such as the power to levy taxes, declare war, and regulate commerce.

Implied powers, on the other hand, are not explicitly mentioned but are inferred from the express powers, allowing Congress to create legislation that is necessary and proper for executing its enumerated functions. This concept is rooted in the Necessary and Proper Clause, also found in Article I, Section 8, which grants Congress the authority to make laws required to carry out its duties effectively.

The other options do not serve this purpose. The Declaration of Independence articulates the reasons for American separation from British rule but does not outline the powers of Congress. The Bill of Rights is a collection of amendments that protect individual liberties and limit governmental power, rather than detailing the powers of Congress. The Federalist Papers are a series of essays written to support the ratification of the Constitution, providing insight into the framers’ intentions but not serving as a formal legal document outlining Congress’s powers. Thus, the Constitution