What is meant by the term "separation of powers"?

The term "separation of powers" refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches, specifically the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This principle is foundational to the structure of American government as outlined in the Constitution. By distributing powers across these branches, it prevents any one branch from gaining too much authority, thereby promoting a system of checks and balances. Each branch has its own specific roles and responsibilities, ensuring that the government operates effectively and remains accountable to the people. This concept is designed to protect individual liberties and maintain a balance of power within the government itself, ultimately reinforcing the democratic principles of the nation.