What is federalism?

Federalism is best defined as a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and individual states. This means that both the national and state governments have their own powers and responsibilities, allowing them to govern within their respective domains. This division of authority is fundamental to the federal structure, as it enables a balance of power that can help to prevent any one level of government from becoming too powerful.

In a federal system, certain powers are reserved for the national government, such as foreign affairs and national defense, while other powers are retained by the states, including education and transportation. This arrangement promotes both local governance and national unity, allowing states to address local issues while still being part of a larger national framework.

The other options describe scenarios that do not align with the principles of federalism. Complete sovereignty for states would negate the shared power and responsibilities central to federalism. Promoting state laws over federal laws contradicts the federal structure where, under the supremacy clause, federal law typically takes precedence. Lastly, abolishing all state governments eliminates the state-level governance that is a vital part of federalism's checks and balances.